Power play: How a country with major energy potential struggles to keep the lights on

Energy News Beat

Despite Nepal being the world’s second most water-rich country with immense hydroelectric power production potential, India has primary influence over its energy security

Nepal’s current total energy demand is around 1,900 MW during peak hours. Due to a lack of energy, however, Nepal’s industrial sectors have limited production from eight to ten hours a day. And the culprit is its neighbor to the south, India.

According to the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), the problem will grow in the coming dry season from February to April. NEA spokesperson Chandan Kumar Ghosh said energy may become more scarce due to reduced energy production. “Our production is reduced by one-third during the dry season, out of the total capacity,” Ghosh told RT. “So, this year we may have to struggle with various issues.”

According to NEA data, Nepal has a capacity for energy production of 3,403 MW during the monsoon. However, during the winter, production suffers. In 2024, Nepal lost major hydropower capacity due to floods. The Upper Tamakoshi, with 456 MW, is an example of a plant that fell short in fulfilling production requirements.

Energy flows

India is a key trade partner of Nepal. According to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in New Delhi, India accounted for 64.1% of Nepal’s total trade, around $8.66 billion in Nepal’s financial year 2022-23. Part of that trade is in energy.

During the monsoon, Nepal exports energy to India – while in the winter and dry seasons, Nepal imports energy from India. In previous years, Nepal received around 600 MW of energy per day. This year, however, India did not export energy to Nepal during peak hours.

RT

“This year, Nepal and India could not reach an agreement to export energy from India to Nepal during peak hours, so we are facing challenges. We hope this problem won’t persist next year. We have provided energy to consumers during peak hours by reducing energy supply to industries,” Ghosh said. “We have managed our energy so far.”

Nepal cannot easily engage in energy trade with countries such as China, as there is no infrastructure – firstly, transmission lines. Besides, China and Nepal have geographical challenges in constructing transmission lines. Nepal is surrounded by Indian territory on the west, east, and south, leaving no opportunity to trade energy with other countries without India’s consent.

RT

In October last year, Kathmandu, Dhaka, and New Delhi signed a trilateral pact to facilitate exports of 40 MW of energy from Nepal to Bangladesh between June 15 and November 15 for five years via India’s grid.

On November 15, energy officials from the three countries jointly inaugurated the power flow. “This historic occasion marks the first trilateral power transaction which has been carried out through the Indian grid,” New Delhi said in a statement. However, officials in Nepal anonymously say that the actual implementation of the energy sharing arrangement is in doubt due to various factors, from political, as a result of a change of government in Dhaka, to technical: Nepal’s power generation has not been sufficient.

RT

India’s role

Nepal currently has 3,403 MW of energy production capacity. According to various studies, Nepal’s hydropower capacity is about 42,000 MW. Currently, projects with a total of 11,218 MW potential capacity have received construction licenses from the department of electricity development. Among them, 8,000 MW of projects are held by Indian companies, including the 900 MW capacity Upper Karnali, undertaken by the Indian GMR group for 14 years.

India is looking at other significant hydro projects in Nepal, having proposed projects with a capacity of 1,030 MW (Upper Arun), 762 MW (Tamor), and 1,902 MW (Mugu Karnali).

According to media reports, India has played a role in delays regarding the 1,063 MW Upper Arun project, which would be Nepal’s largest hydropower project so far, with an estimated cost of $1.8 billion. The World Bank was seen as the primary financier of the project; however, reports suggest it is likely to withdraw.

RT

Sources in the Nepal government suggest that India, which is systematically obtaining permits for the construction of large hydropower projects on Nepal’s rivers through state-owned companies, aims to bring the Upper Arun project under its control.

A government official who wished to not be named suggested that India, which has been “pressuring Nepal in the electricity trade,” is “blocking the entry of electricity generated in Nepal during the rainy season into its market by imposing quotas.” He also claimed that India’s reluctance to sell the electricity needed during the winter months is disrupting Nepal’s power supply system.

India’s changing policies, dictated by geopolitical realities, also seem to impact Nepal’s hydropower sector. In 2018, New Delhi issued Guidelines for Import/Export (Cross-Border), which aims to prevent the purchase of power produced via the investment of nations with which it does not have a “bilateral agreement on power sector cooperation.” This effectively means Indian cannot buy hydropower produced by Chinese-funded or Chinese-built plants.

Due to this, several Chinese investors and companies have reportedly withdrawn from Nepal. Reuters reported last year that since India’s power purchasing policy shift, Nepal has removed Chinese developers from six hydropower projects and given four hydro contracts to Indian companies.

RT

Energy self-reliance for Nepal?

Former NEA managing director Hitendra Dev Shakya said Nepal’s energy security has become weak. “The key lies with India,” he claimed. “India does not accept Nepal’s energy during the monsoon when Nepal has a surplus, and likewise, during the dry and winter seasons, India does not export energy to Nepal. Additionally, India does not agree to investments from other countries in Nepal’s energy sector.”

For the past few years, Nepal’s surplus energy during the monsoon has gone to waste due to insufficient energy import by India. NEA data shows that a maximum of about 900 MW was exported to India.

Ghosh acknowledged the waste. “This is a serious concern. We have lost a significant amount during the monsoon,” he said. However, he does not agree that Nepal’s energy security is entirely dependent on India. “We need to develop storage projects and increase production. If we do the necessary work, there is no need to blame others.”

RT

Energy experts echo his sentiments. They believe Nepal should increase energy consumption capacity, develop storage projects, use energy storage techniques, and invest in expanding transmission lines.

Ram Prasad Dhital, the chairman of the Electricity Regulatory Commission, says Nepal needs to amplify transmission lines and provide energy to industries. “Nepal’s industrial sector is facing energy scarcity,” he said. “If we can provide them [energy], it will be better. During the dry season, we must develop storage projects that can provide energy during peak hours.”


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Hitendra Dev Shakya suggested reducing energy prices for the industrial sector and domestic consumers, as well as investing in storage technology, which would be cheaper than wasting energy during the monsoon.

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Well-Safe Solutions adds to Dutch North Sea backlog

Energy News Beat

EuropeOffshore

Decommissioning specialists Well-Safe Solutions has secured more work for Eni across its assets in the Dutch sector of the North Sea.

The Italian energy major has recently exercised another 90-day option for the Well-Safe Protector jackup under a newly agreed contract amendment. The work on subsea and platform wells is to be executed in direct continuation with the previously declared option, which started last November.

Further longer-term options have also been agreed with Eni, giving the operator an additional 120 days of work to decommission platform wells, along with two further options at 180 days each.

After completing this latest option with Eni, the jackup will move directly onto the Spirit Energy contract Splash reported in November. The unit has already decommissioned 25 wells across Dutch and UK waters since August 2023 for Eni, Ithaca Energy and Neptune Energy.

Additional options with Eni could start immediately after the Spirit Energy work, and if all of them are exercised, the Well-Safe Protector could stay committed until Q4 2026 outside the UK Continental Shelf.

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Seamec wins $57m DSV charter

Energy News Beat

AsiaOffshore

Indian offshore vessel operator Seamec has secured a long-term charter from Saudi-based Safeen Al Behar for the dive support vessel Seamec Swordfish.

The 2007-built DSV has been fixed for 730 days in a deal worth $57.4m.

The charter with extension options attached, will see the vessel utilised in Saudi and UAE waters from March.

Mumbai-based Seamec bought the vessel as Subtech Swordfish from UK marine service provider James Fisher and Sons for $24m in 2022. The unit had previously worked in the Middle East for contractors Zamil Offshore and Mermaid Subsea Services.

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Hapag-Lloyd bags funding for 24 newbuilds

Energy News Beat

Germany’s Hapag-Lloyd has lined up financing for its 24-ship newbuilding spree signed off last year.

The Hamburg-based global carrier said the financing consists of four parts. Around $900 will be financed using the company’s own funds, $500m using bilateral mortgage loans from two banks, $1.8bn will be financed via three leasing structures, and $1.1bn through a syndicated credit facility backed by the China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (Sinosure).

The 24 ships ordered last October for delivery between 2027 and 2029 will be built in China at Yangzijiang Shipbuilding and New Times Shipyard and equipped with the latest low-emission and fuel-efficient high-pressure LNG dual-fuel engines. The vessels can also be operated using biomethane and will be ammonia-ready.

The financing will be carried out based on Hapag-Lloyd’s Green Financing Framework, which in turn complies with the standards of the Green Loan Principles of the Loan Market Association (LMA).

The green financing covers around 80% of the investment volume, with maturities ranging between 10 and 18 years, the company said.

Once delivered, the ships will add about 312,000 teu of new capacity to the world’s fifth-largest liner.

“We are continuously modernising our fleet in order to deliver a high quality of service and to achieve our ambitious decarbonization goals,” said Mark Frese, chief of finance at Hapag-Lloyd., adding: “The successful conclusion of several attractive financial transactions confirms that green financing components are becoming increasingly important.”

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Time runs out for Chronos as a shipowner with sale of last kamsarmax

Energy News Beat

Dry CargoEurope

More than 50 years in shipping is ending as Greek kamsarmax specialist Chronos Shipping is letting go of its last ship, the 2012 built, 81,000 dwt Patra, built at  Japan Marine United. The bulker is noted to have been sold by several brokers who tie a price tag of just under $16m to the deal.

Last week, the Greek owner reportedly sold three Japanese-built eco kamsarmaxes to compatriot owners paying generously for Japanese-built eco kamsarmax tonnage, ships still in demand, despite uncertainty in the spot market. 

The Chronos fleet has been sold piece by piece, with brokers reporting that a trio in the 10-year-old age bracket was sold last week. Two Sanoyas-built units were sold.

The 2015-built  82,000 dwt Athina 11 and the one year older, Volos, sold for $25m and $24m each, respectively while the Japan Marine United-built Kleisoura was noted sold for $28m. Several Greek accounts have been tied to theships including Sealestial, Sea Tribute, Polforce, and Brave Maritime. 

Piraeus-based Chronos was founded in 1972, originally making a name for itself in the asphalt transport business, before moving into dry bulk in 2012.

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Probe reveals more than $6bn in shadow fleet deals

Energy News Beat

European and American shipowners have pocketed at least $6.3bn from selling hundreds of ageing tankers on to shell companies, from where they make their way into the shadow fleet, a new probe carried out by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) and investigative journalists from Follow the Money has revealed.

The report tracks the sale of around 230 ships and how they often quickly changed names and flags on being sold, and then started to shift oil for Russia with some very well-known names in European shipping mentioned, especially out of Greece who accounted for more than half of the sales that ended up in the shadow fleet.

Direct sales of oil tankers to Russian entities are prohibited under European Union sanctions imposed in 2023. But indirect sales to companies from countries that are not participating in sanctions are not illegal. Follow the Money and its media partners identified at least 32 tankers of European owners that were sold into the shadow fleet after those rules came into effect at the end of 2023.

“More than a third of a shadow fleet of tankers transporting Russian oil consists of vessels that had previously been owned by shipowners from Western countries – the same countries that are sanctioning Russia because of its war of aggression against Ukraine,” the joint investigation states.

The number of vessels hit by sanctions surpassed 1,000 late last year with data from S&P Global Market Intelligence showing that more 800 of these ships do not have confirmed insurance. Moreover, the average age of sanctioned ships – 21 years – is some eight years older than the global average, adding to growing concern that the sprawling so-called shadow fleet could lead to multiple costly environmental catastrophes. 

Despite slowing, the grey fleet is still growing by around 10 tankers a month, according to brokers BRS.

Nearly two in three vintage tankers carried Iranian, Venezuelan, or Russian cargoes last year, according to estimates from broker Gibson.

San Marino, Guyana, Sierra Leone, Comoro Islands, Guinea Bissau and most notably Guinea are the flag states that stand out for their extraordinary fleet growth in the latest data compiled in Clarksons Research’s World Fleet Monitor, statistics that highlight the whack-a-mole game authorities in the West are having to fight in their bid to crack down on the growing shadow fleet.

San Marino’s growth will likely raise questions within European circles – its fleet growing by 663% over the past 12 months to 1.1m gt.

Guyana in South America has also been making headlines in recent months, its fleet growing by 576% in the past year to 3.3m gt. The fleet is also notable for its average age, standing above 40 years old. 

It is in Africa, however, where flag states have mushroomed the most in step with the growth of the shadow fleet – Sierre Leone up by 105%, the Comoro Islands by 104%, Guinea Bissau leaping by 340%, and most extraordinary of all, Guinea’s flag state growing by 99,094% over the past 12 months. 

Another flag that has been in the news a great deal for its shadow fleet links, Barbados, saw its fleet grow by 177% in the past year, according to Clarksons data. Under pressure, the London-headquartered Barbados ship registry has said that by the end of January it will have asked a total of 46 ships to remove the country’s flag as a result of UK sanctions.

“Russia’s use of the so-called shadow fleet poses a particular threat to the maritime and environmental security in the Baltic Sea region and globally. This reprehensible practice also threatens the integrity of undersea infrastructure, increases risks connected to sea-dumped chemical munitions, and significantly supports funding of Russia’s illegal war of aggression against Ukraine,” noted a joint statement from the heads of state or government of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden last month. 

Source: Clarksons Research

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BP and EnBW tap Interocean for offshore wind farm work

Energy News Beat

Offshore support services provider Interocean Marine Services has won a three-year contract to provide marine vetting and assurance to the Morgan, Mona, and Morven offshore wind projects.

The three projects are being developed under a joint venture between energy giant BP and Energie Württemberg (EnBW).

Morgan and Mona are located in the Irish Sea approximately 22-37 km from the coast, covering a combined area of approximately 580 sq km.

Situated in the North Sea, approximately 60 km from the coast of Aberdeen, Morven spans an area of approximately 860 sq km, with water depths varying from 21 to 76 m.

With a total projected generating capacity of 5.9GW – enough to power the equivalent of around six million UK households annually – the three wind farms are expected to contribute to the UK’s target of 50GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030.

“As a UK headquartered company, we take immense pride in supporting initiatives that have the potential to enhance energy security and benefit local communities,” said Alex Reid, Interocean COO.

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New Jersey cancels fourth offshore wind solicitation after bidders drop out

Energy News Beat

The New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU) has pulled the plug on the state’s fourth offshore wind solicitation due to the withdrawal of prospective bidders and Shell freezing its involvement with the Atlantic Shores offshore wind project.

There were three initial bidders in the fourth solicitation with two withdrawing and only Atlantic Shores submitted a best and final offer.

“A number of reasons led to this decision, notably Shell backing out as an equity partner in the Atlantic Shores project and backing away from the American clean energy market, as well as uncertainty driven by federal actions and permitting. The Board concluded that an award in New Jersey’s fourth offshore wind solicitation, despite the manifold benefits the industry offers to the state, would not be a responsible decision at this time,” said Christine Guhl-Sadovy, president of NJBPU.

The Board was initially supposed to announce its latest round of offshore wind power agreements in December but decided to wait for what would happen when president Donald Trump took over the White House.

One of his first moves on his first day as president was to sign an executive order stopping new offshore wind leases on the country’s outer continental shelf.

Through the order, the Interior Department was instructed to lead a review of the environmental impacts of offshore wind leasing in collaboration with the Energy, Agriculture, and Commerce departments. It also directs the review to analyze offshore wind’s effects on bird and marine mammal life.

However, these areas could still be considered for oil, gas or mineral extraction as well as environmental conservation.

American Clean Power Association CEO, Jason Grumet, said that the decision to cancel this offshore wind procurement is a direct consequence of the uncertainty created by the recently issued executive order.

“Each offshore wind project represents a multibillion-dollar investment in American infrastructure. While the merits of each project must be evaluated based on the economic and energy needs of state and local interests, US offshore wind represents the critical investment necessary to maintain our nation’s competitive energy advantage,” he said.

New Jersey approved three offshore wind developments which were supposed to be part of the solicitation round – Atlantic Shores southern project, Attentive Energy Two, and Leading Light Wind. There used to be four projects but Ørsted cancelled its Ocean Wind project in 2023.

But, considering these recent developments and the order signed by Trump, the consortium of TotalEnergies, Corio Generation, and Rise Light & Power pulled its Attentive Energy Two project from the bidding process, just as Invenergy and energyRe did for Leading Light.

Atlantic Shores has a different situation where Shell abandoned its involvement in the project and took a nearly $1b write-down on the project. Also, a proposal for a second Atlantic Shores project was declined by the Board. Despite all this, the other partner in the project, EDF, said it would be pushing forward with the already permitted project.

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Accident investigation calls for greater use of pilots in Gibraltar

Energy News Beat

More pilot use is recommended in Gibraltar, according to a new accident report surrounding one of the most high-profile casualties to hit the British overseas territory in recent years.

On August 29 2022, the OS35 bulk carrier was departing the Bay of Gibraltar anchorage and collided with the LNG carrier Adam LNG. The impact caused a breach in holds two and three of the OS35, leading to the vessel’s controlled beaching to the east of Gibraltar, where it was subsequently dismantled with the ship becoming a feature of the tiny British territory’s coastline for many months.

The investigation found that the master and bridge team of the OS35 did not monitor the manoeuvre out of the Western Anchorage effectively and made an error in their understanding of the effects of the tidal flow and wind.

The Gibraltar Port Authority (GPA) has been recommended to consider introducing compulsory pilotage for vessels departing from the Western Anchorage.

Had a pilot been onboard the report suggests that the manoeuvre astern by the OS35 would not have been their chosen option for the location and conditions that were found on the day. Had the OS35’s turn to port been initiated as the anchor was being lifted there was sufficient sea room to continue moving ahead and turn to port to depart the anchorage to the west.

There was also suitable sea room to pass between the vessels ahead, which would have provided greater control of the vessel than by manoeuvring astern, where the manoeuvre is more difficult to control and monitor.

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Flex LNG eyes Oslo Stock Exchange exit

Energy News Beat

Flex LNG has set out to leave the Oslo Stock Exchange in favour of listing its shares solely in the US.

The Øystein Kalleklev-led company, backed by John Fredriksen, plans to present its plan for voluntary delisting from Oslo in May.

Flex, which also trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), said the move was driven by the relatively high costs of maintaining a dual listing, specifically the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and Central Securities Depository Regulation (CSDR), which would drive administrative costs of complying with dual reporting requirements.

The company with 13 LNG carriers in its fleet also noted that the majority of its trading takes place in the US and that loss of Oslo trading should be mitigated by NYSE’s plan to increase its trading hours.

“Having to deal with two sorts of regulations, which is quite costly in terms of consultants, auditors, and such, and given the fact that 95% of our trading today is on the NYSE…we have decided to propose to the board to delist in Oslo and save that money and focus on one set of requirements instead of having to deal with two conflicting sets of reporting,” Flex LNG chief executive Kalleklev told investors at the fourth quarter earnings presentation.

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