EU Commission scrutinises nine big tech platforms over targeted ads and generative AI

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The European Commission requested information on Thursday (14 March) from nine big tech platforms on their use of targeted ads and generative artificial intelligence (AI) to gauge compliance with the Digital Services Act (DSA).

The Commission asked Bing, Google Search, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, YouTube and X to provide details regarding their strategies to address risks associated with generative AI, including on elections. It also asked LinkedIn to clarify how it complies with a prohibition not to target ads based on sensitive personal data.

The DSA is “now running at full speed”, Commissioner for Internal Market Thierry Breton posted on X on Thursday.

The DSA, which came into effect on 17 February, mandates specific content moderation measures for platforms with over 10% of the EU population as monthly users. That’s roughly 45 million people. These platforms are deemed to pose a systemic risk to society, so they have to adhere to content moderation protocols, including transparency and risk management obligations.

The EU executive last year released a list of such very large online platforms (VLOPs) and very large search engines (VLOSEs), and has updated it since. All nine platforms under the microscope as of today are on that list.

Targeted ads on LinkedIn

As a VLOP, LinkedIn must ensure users can easily discern details about advertisements and prohibit the use of personal data, such as sexual orientation, political beliefs, or race, for targeted advertising purposes.

The Commission’s investigation into LinkedIn is partly due to civil society organisations, including EDRi, Global Witness, Gesellschaft für Freiheitsrechte, and Bits of Freedom, lodging a complaint with the Commission on 26 February. The organisations expressed concerns over LinkedIn’s possible violation of ad targeting restrictions outlined in the DSA.

A LinkedIn spokesperson told Euractiv that the company is compliant with the DSA, including provisions on targeted ads. “We look forward to cooperating with the Commission on this matter,” the spokesperson added.

Other platforms

The Commission is requesting details and documents from the other eight platforms and search engines on risk assessments and mitigation measures concerning generative AI’s impact on electoral processes, illegal content dissemination, fundamental rights, gender-based violence, minors’ protection, mental well-being, personal data protection, consumer protection, and intellectual property.

The inquiries pertain to both the dissemination and creation of generative AI content.

Generative AI is highlighted as a risk in the Commission’s draft guidelines on electoral process integrity as well, aiming to furnish VLOPs and VLOSEs with best practices and mitigation measures, including those specific to generative AI-related risks.

A Commission representative said at a press briefing on Thursday that the Microsoft-led pledge to combat deceptive use of AI in 2024 elections, announced at the Munich Security Conference, “is welcome, but we in Europe the privilege of having a toolbox with the new rules, in particular with the DSA that we can fully use to ensure election integrity”.

A request for information is an investigative measure and does not predetermine any subsequent actions the Commission may undertake. However, fines can be imposed for providing inaccurate, incomplete, or deceptive information in response to such requests.

The companies have until 5 April to submit data about how generative AI might affect electoral processes. Replies on other matters can be submitted by April 26.

Separately, the Commission today also launched an investigation on whether the online commerce site AliExpress violated the DSA, including for its use of recommendation algorithms.

Source: Euractiv.com

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Commission says new rules on animal welfare postponed in name of strategic dialogue

Energy News Beat

 

After tabling just a small part of the promised overhaul of legislation on animal welfare, the Commission told the European Parliament plenary on Thursday (14 March) that a revision must rely on a strategic dialogue with stakeholders.

The Commission committed to a general overhaul of the animal welfare legislation in 2020, with proposals expected at the end of 2023. In the end, the bloc’s executive tabled only proposals for stricter rules on animal transport.

The proposals announced but shelved by the Commission, such as stricter rules on cages, change to slaughter rules, and animal welfare labelling, “will have to be thought through in a sustainable way for the agri-food sector,” with “consultation of stakeholders and a sufficient transition period,” European Commissioner for Cohesion and Reform Elisa Ferreira told  the Parliament’s plenary

At the debate, Ferreira replaced Commissioner Stella Kyriakides, who is in charge of the dossier.

The strategic dialogue launched at the end of January by Commission President Ursula von der Leyen will be “an ideal forum for these discussions”, she added.

In 2020, the Commission announced a general review of European legislation on animal welfare as part of the Farm to fork strategy.

Although the impact assessment on the proposal passed the Commission’s quality control board last summer, the executive refrained from launching a comprehensive review in the current mandate.

In recent years pressure has grown in the European Parliament and civil society, however, as illustrated by the letter from around a hundred MEPs in September 2023, calling for an urgent review of the legislation, and the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI) ‘End the Cage Age’, which has collected more than a million signatures.

Strategic dialogue on animal welfare

During the plenary debate, MEPs were split.

“For the past four years, the Commission has been making fine promises that have not been kept […] What are we waiting for to put an end to animal suffering?” asked Niels Fuglsang (S&D/Denmark), calling for “at least a roadmap, a date, a deadline” for the new legislation.

In response to the Commission’s desire to establish a strategic dialogue, Germany’s Martin Häusling (Greens/EFA) conceded that “animal protection, like environmental protection, has a cost, but is the aim to have cheap meat, regardless of animal suffering?”

While some lawmakers called for progress before the European elections in June, others, like Caroline Roose (Greens/EFA), are already banking on the next term of office:

“I’m no longer speaking to the Commission. Citizens, vote for those who will truly defend animals,” the ecologist said.

Ferrera replied reminding MEPs that two “major pieces of legislation” had been proposed last December, one on animal transport and the other on the welfare and traceability of pets.

Romanian Christian Democrat Daniel Buda (EPP) sided with Ferreira. “We need to draft texts in cooperation with farmers and breeders in order to develop an effective and fair policy.

Beata Mazurek (ECR/Poland), warned that in recent months, farmers have taken to the streets also because of the “unrealistic” animal welfare rules.

Other MEPs, affiliated to the far-right ID group, deplored the fact that in some countries ritual slaughter is allowed.

Patricia Chagnon (ID/France) pointed the finger at products imported from third countries, reared in problematic conditions that cause causing animal suffering and unfair competition for farmers.

Harmonising existing rules

According to the Commission, the lack of harmonisation of regulations within the EU is fragmenting the single market and penalising certain farms.

A report by the European Court of Auditors (ECA) published in April 2023 showed that the current rules are applied unevenly, both among member states and regions.

“The appalling images coming out of farms would no longer exist if member states complied with current legislation! It must be enforced,” said Italian MEP Herbert Dorfmann (EPP).

Ferreira emphasided that “farmers need to be able to invest and benefit from all market opportunities, which will go hand in hand with improved animal welfare”.

For Spanish MEP Clara Aguilera (S&D), there is also a territorial injustice. Peripheral regions – such as her region of Andalusia – which have a greater need to transport animals, are more affected by European standards, she said.

The Commission told parliamentarians that it had launched work on compliance with the legislation in force.

Source: Euractiv.com

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Von der Leyen campaign’s ‘hot phase’ expected in May – EPP source

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European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen is expected to start an “intensive” EU election campaign in May with several “thematic” events across Europe, a source familiar with the matter from the European People’s Party (EPP) headquarters in Brussels told Euractiv.

“It will be an intensive campaign and its hot phase is expected in May,” the source from the conservative EPP said, adding that the Commission chief considers having “at least seven thematic events across the bloc”.

The precise content of these events, the source explained, has not been decided yet.

Euractiv understands that these thematic events will be organised in member states and will be coordinated with the national EPP members from countries where the events will take place.

Topics are likely to touch upon highly political debates and issues close to the voters’ hearts, such as regulating migration, protecting businesses, or safeguarding democracy.

May will be an important month for the incumbent Commission president because most negotiations on legislative files will have finished and von der Leyen will have the space to present her record to the voters.

Von der Leyen, a former German defence minister who was a surprise pick for the Commission chief in 2019, was named the lead candidate of her political family last week during an EPP congress in Bucharest, launching her bid for a second mandate.

Even though the announcement was widely expected, she has yet to start political campaigning across the continent, as the EPP is looking to secure votes to remain the largest political force in the hemicycle after the June’s EU elections, and form strong alliance with other right wing, liberal, and left-wing parties.

Asked if the campaign was being launched late, given that it will leave only a few weeks before the elections on 6-9 June, the source replied that some legal budgetary requirements could not be sorted out before von der Leyen was officially elected as the EPP’s lead candidate on 7 March.

“Von der Leyen wants this campaign to be open to media and have interaction with journalists,” the source added.

The official announcements about people who will lead the campaign will be made in early April, the EPP source said, stressing that it was not yet known who the spokesperson would be.

However, the rumour mill in Brussels points to Jens-Alexander Flosdorff, currently the executive communication adviser in von der Leyen’s cabinet.

The source said von der Leyen’s team will be “multinational” and comprise both people from her inner circle as well as members from the EPP headquarters in Brussels.

Source: Euractiv.com

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EU humanitarian chief urges Israel to enable better land access to Gaza as famine looms

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Airdrops and a maritime corridor will not be enough to substitute humanitarian aid transported by trucks into Gaza, where people are on the verge of famine, European Commissioner for Crisis Management Janez Lenarčič said on Thursday (14 March).

Land routes remain the “quickest, easiest and most efficient” way to get supplies into Gaza, Lenarčič told a group of reporters, including Euractiv, in Brussels.

“There is no meaningful substitute for land access (…) we call on Israel to open additional land crossings,” he said.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen travelled to Cyprus last week to launch the maritime corridor to Gaza with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides. A number of EU member states including Germany and the Netherlands pledged their intention to support the establishment of the corridor at the time.

It took about four months of diplomatic negotiations, involving the EU, US, UK and other countries, to convince Israel to agree to the maritime corridor.

A shipment organised by US-based charity World Central Kitchen carrying 200 million tons of aid departed from Cyprus to Gaza earlier this week, while future deliveries will be distributed in collaboration with local aid agencies and the Israeli military.

“This corridor, although a welcome addition, can only complement the land routes,” Lenarčič stressed, adding that the sea passage had been set up “exclusively because Israel is not opening more land routes”.

“You cannot in current circumstances provide sufficient supplies by maritime routes or airdrops because there is no real port [in the Gaza Strip],” he said.

The Pentagon this week sent military vessels to the Mediterranean Sea, where US troops will help build a temporary pier and dock to enable the delivery of more aid by sea.

The pier will be an upgrade of the jetty that is currently under construction by World Central Kitchen, a US charity run by the famous Spanish-American chef Jose Andres, Lenarčič said.

Ships using the new route are expected to carry “thousands of tonnes of supplies” a week, Lenarčič said.

But the aid sent by sea is incomparably lower in number than by land, he added, saying that nearly 500 trucks of aid – the equivalent of roughly 10,000 tonnes – are needed in Gaza each day.

Lenarčič also said he “noted with considerable hope” that the UN had declared one of its convoys had reached northern Gaza by land for the first time since 20 February.

“It is our hope and expectation that this route will be expanded to allow a surge in humanitarian aid,” he said.

‘Pockets of famine’

“There is a risk of famine,” Lenarčič, who has recently visited Israel, the Palestinian territories and Jordan, told reporters.

“We already have a very strong and credible indication that there are pockets of famine already in the Gaza Strip,” he added.

Gaza has been effectively sealed off since Israel began its war with Hamas in response to the militant group’s 7 October terrorist attack on the country.

The United Nations estimates more than half a million of Gaza’s 2.3 million people are on the brink of starvation.

Several UN agencies said earlier this month that child malnutrition levels were “particularly extreme” in the northern part of the enclave.

“What is needed is very clear: a surge in humanitarian aid into Gaza and its distribution throughout Gaza,” Lenarčič said.

This would need to go hand in hand with “an end of fighting that has to last long enough for humanitarian aid organisations to get in and organise proper distribution,” Lenarčič added.

His comments come as the bloc’s leaders at their summit next week are expected to reiterate their call for an “immediate humanitarian pause leading to a sustainable cease-fire” in the Israel-Hamas war to allow for the delivery of urgent aid into Gaza, according to early draft summit conclusions, seen by Euractiv.

Work should start on a sustained peace process based on the so-called two-state solution — an outcome favoured by the US, Saudi Arabia and others that would allow Palestinians some autonomy, the draft, which is still subject to change, stated.

However, a reference to the EU’s funding of the UN’s main Palestinian relief agency (UNRWA) was met with objections by some EU ambassadors on Wednesday (13 March).

The US, along with more than a dozen countries, suspended its funding to the body in January after Israel accused 12 of the agency’s 13,000 employees in Gaza of participating in the deadly 7 October Hamas terrorist attack.

The UN agency, which runs schools, clinics and other social services in Gaza, and distributes humanitarian aid, “has a critical role to play because it has unmatched infrastructure”, the EU’s humanitarian chief said.

Earlier this month, the European Commission announced it will continue to fund the UN agency as probes continue into the allegations, with a first €50-million tranche out of a total of the €82 million payment foreseen for 2024 to be paid this month.

An independent review of the agency has been launched under former French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna, and her final report is expected to be published later this month.

Source: Euractiv.com

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EU environment chief to address anti-deforestation law concerns on South America tour

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The EU’s Environment Commissioner Virginijus Sinkevičius is touring Paraguay, Bolivia, and Ecuador this week to address concerns related to the implementation of the world’s first ban on deforestation-linked products, a measure criticised as protectionist by some of the bloc’s trade partners.

The rules, which contribute to EU efforts to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, will affect imports of cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soya, and wood, as well as many derived products like chocolate and leather.

“With the EU Deforestation Regulation entering into application at the end of this year, some of the countries affected are asking for discussions on the details, so I am answering that request,” Sinkevičius told reporters on Wednesday (13 March).

Companies seeking to place their products on the EU market will have to use geolocation data to demonstrate that these do not come from deforested or degraded land after December 2020, with businesses facing fines of up to 4% of their total annual turnover in the EU if they breach the regulation.

According to European Parliament data, the EU’s consumption is responsible for about 10% of global deforestation, of which two-thirds are accounted for by palm oil and soya.

Nevertheless, the groundbreaking legislation has faced fierce criticism from leading producers of these commodities, including Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brazil, who argue that the EU is leveraging trade policy to impose its green agenda on others.

Concerns have been raised about businesses’ ability to navigate Brussels-imposed bureaucracy in developing countries, as well as about the associated costs of verifying that commodities have not been sourced from deforested land.

Countries oppose “trade-distorting rules”

Sinkevičius will start his trip on 15 March in Paraguay, a country that has been particularly vocal against adopting the new EU regulation.

In an effort to ease the concerns, Sinkevičius is set to underscore the EU’s support in establishing a traceability system to facilitate compliance, partly funded with €10 million from the bloc, in addition to funding from other anti-deforestation initiatives.

“My intention is to calm down any fears about the possible consequences and underline the advantages for all the countries concerned,” Sinkevičius stated.

Paraguay was among the countries that explicitly criticised “unilateral, trade-related environmental measures” that could lead to distortions during last month’s World Trade Organisation ministerial conference in Abu Dhabi.

“As a landlocked developing country, the answer is simple: more trade and less protectionism,” Patricia Frutos, the country’s deputy minister for economy, said in Abu Dhabi.

However, the Lithuanian Commissioner voiced hope that other countries would follow suit and adopt policies similar to the EU’s.

“Right now, it’s the most ambitious piece of legislation on deforestation anywhere in the world, but we hope it doesn’t stay that way – we hope that many other countries will soon follow in its footsteps,” he emphasised.

Potential delays

Sinkevičius acknowledged that the Commission is still finalising the regulation’s details, including a traffic light system to categorise countries based on their risk level of deforestation, which will determine the level of import checks.

The Commissioner declared that they are collaborating with stakeholders on the development of a methodology for benchmarking, aiming for it to be “as objective and transparent as possible.”

“All the work is done in very close cooperation with third countries, and those efforts will continue for as long as they are needed,” Sinkevičius added.

Countries have expressed concerns about the bad reputation associated with a “high risk” label, fearing that it could lead companies to cease operations in these regions or favour large producers over small farmers, who may struggle to comply with the new regulations.

A joint letter sent last September to EU authorities, signed by Indonesia, Brazil, and 15 other countries, described the benchmarking system as “discriminatory and punitive,” with the potential to breach international trade rules.

In the face of the strong criticism, the EU executive appears to be delaying the release of the classification, leaving the decision to the next Commission, which will assume office after the summer, following June’s EU elections.

Reuters reported that the Commission is considering postponing the release of risk ratings until 2025, with all countries being designated a “medium” level of risk until the methodology is implemented.

Source: Euractiv.com

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The Brief – Voting under totalitarian rule

Energy News Beat

 

When I think about the Russian elections, particularly the presidential one taking place this weekend, I cannot help but remember the totalitarian voting in which I participated as a youngster.

We have already argued that Vladimir Putin’s regime should no longer be described as authoritarian: After the brutal aggression against Ukraine, it has degenerated into totalitarianism akin to the Soviet Union, or worse.

I lived what should have been the best years of my life, my youth, under the totalitarian regimes of Bulgaria and Romania (I was a student in Bucharest), and I voted in successive elections in Bulgaria in the 1970s and 1980s.

Of course, these were not real elections. We knew the result in advance, just like now in Russia. The only unknown about these elections is whether Putin will receive 80% or more.

Yet, for some reason, totalitarian regimes mimic democracy by holding elections which mean nothing.

In the case of Russia, it’s Putin who will decide the result. In communist Bulgaria (The People’s Republic of Bulgaria), the leadership of the ruling Communist Party decided what the election result should be – always above 90%.

Most of the alternative votes (and there were not many) went to the Agrarian Party, an ally of the Communist Party. The same is now happening in Russia, where the three other candidates, whose names nobody will remember, are supporters of Vladimir Putin and will receive only a negligible fraction of the votes. Real contenders were not allowed to run.

In Bulgaria, I remember nobody doubting that the Communist Party would win, but the turnout was massive, and most people put on their Sunday best to go to the polling stations.

This was because the regime created an atmosphere of celebration on election day, with flags, music, and flowers all around. Everything was clean, there were no incidents, and even the police were friendly.

While I regularly attracted attention from the authorities due to my long hair, perceived as mimicking the ‘bad influences from the West’, on these occasions, they usually left me alone.

Officially, the sale of alcohol was prohibited on election day and even on the so-called “reflection day” on the eve of the poll. But I remember that despite that, alcohol was freely poured, probably to numb the electorate.

When I read reports about the Russian elections, I sense the same atmospherics created by the authorities.

Reportedly, in Siberia, raffles in which everyone was a winner were organised to motivate voters, who could win fuel wood, gasoline, vacuum cleaners, or even a washing machine – all precious commodities in the vast but poor region.

I had heard rumours that in communist Bulgaria, “enemies of the people” scribbled insults against those in power on the ballot paper (anonymously, of course). Or that some cast a blank ballot as a sign of disagreement.

This is why election committees were carefully selected to maintain utmost secrecy on the scope of this dissent.

No one had an idea how numerous those opposed to the regime were, and even today, there is no information. It was assumed that their number was rather small.

Now that we live in times when social media plays an important role, measuring the size of dissent in Russia could be more possible.

The widow of Russia’s late opposition leader Alexei Navalny has called on voters to turn up at polling stations en masse at noon on Sunday and either vote against Vladimir Putin or spoil their ballot.

The protest action, known as “Noon Against Putin”, honours Navalny’s last wishes following his death in prison in February.

Judging by the number of people who braved the authorities and queued to lay flowers at Navalny’s grave, noon on Sunday is certainly a time to watch.

Another image that illustrates the real nature of Russian elections is the footage coming from the territories illegally annexed by Russia.

Military personnel dressed like robocops bring ballot boxes to people’s houses – supposedly to keep them ‘safe’, as going out may be ‘dangerous’ – but by doing so force residents to vote, grossly violating the secrecy of their ballot.

The elections in communist Bulgaria that I remember were fake, but they weren’t ugly. In contrast, this weekend’s elections in Russia are already hideous.

The elections I remember were the original totalitarianism. Russia’s are probably Totalitarianism 2.0.

Source: Euractiv.com

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EU citizens care about animal welfare, but why is this not being translated into political action? [Promoted content]

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Animal welfare is one of those rare issues that is neither left nor right. Across the political spectrum and irrespective of nationality, you’ll always find politicians who care about the plight of animals; it is certainly not the exclusive domain of the Greens and the Left.

Dr. Joanna Swabe is senior director of public affairs for Humane Society International/Europe.

Over the years, I’ve encountered highly conservative right-wing MEPs for whom animal welfare is paramount given their devout religious belief in stewardship, Christian-Democrats who embrace vegetarianism out of concern for farm animal suffering and staunch liberals who pour their hearts into campaigns against wildlife trade.

In too many cases, though, the compassion of politicians towards animals is a bit more selective, in keeping with the Orwellian adage that “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” For example, while EPP coryphées recently trumpeted their support for legislative action to end the illegal puppy trade, they and their political group colleagues have proved far less enthusiastic about improving the lot of pigs and poultry kept on Europe’s farms.

Such a lack of willingness of politicians to stick their heads above the political parapet to campaign for better welfare conditions for farm animals is incongruous given the sheer strength of citizen support for animal welfare, not to mention the unequivocal scientific evidence on the necessity of improving the conditions under which farm animals live.

Despite what the ag lobby would have one believe, concern for animal well-being is not the sole preserve of oat-milk latte-drinking urban elites who have never set foot on a farm. Indeed, a poll carried out last year by Savanta in rural communities in ten Member States found that nearly two-thirds of respondents supported the Commission’s Farm to Fork Strategy plans to improve animal welfare during live transport, slaughter and the keeping of animals for economic purposes. Likewise, the 2023 Eurobarometer on attitudes of Europeans to animal welfare confirmed that the vast majority of Europeans (84%) believe that the welfare of farm animals should be better protected.

With so many EU citizens from so many different walks of life voicing concern for animal welfare, the question is why is this not being better translated into political action? Could it be that some political factions are more inclined to kowtow to industry interests than to acknowledge the well-founded concerns of ordinary citizens? Do they fear losing the support of rural voters to populist parties if they deign to back much-needed legislative reforms to improve farm animal welfare?

Or is it purely a matter of political prioritisation? Is this why protecting the welfare and interests of billions of animals kept for economic purposes, not to mention those used in scientific research and product testing, traded as commodities or who live in the wild, often ends up being relegated to the bottom of the pile? Are animals still viewed as a minority or trivial interest despite such pervasive citizen support?

The upcoming European Elections offer a golden opportunity for political parties and prospective MEPs across the board to demonstrate that they are truly taking heed of citizens’ concerns about animal welfare. It is a chance for them to make concrete political commitments to protecting animals and show constituents that this is a political priority.

With the European Commission having failed to fully deliver on its Farm to Fork commitments to adopt legislative proposals to revise and expand the scope of existing EU animal welfare legislation, there is a greater need than ever for politicians from across the political spectrum to rise to the occasion and lead the way toward meaningful change for animals.

Right now, the Commission’s party line is that its undelivered legislative proposals have not permanently been kicked into the long grass, and that the preparatory work for the promised proposals on the welfare of farm animals, including the phase-out of caged confinement to which it committed to in response to the End the Cage Age ECI, is ongoing.

We are told the Commission is assessing whether the transition to cage-free farming is sustainable for the agricultural sector and that further consultations on issues including the costs and length of transition periods are needed. These will apparently take place in the context of the much-hyped new strategic dialogue on the future of agriculture in the EU.

After so much time, these assurances are not really satisfactory for the millions of laying hens still confined to enriched battery cages and the millions of pigs who continue to languish in individual sow stalls for a significant proportion of their gestation and farrowing periods. They should not have to wait any longer for policy makers to take decisive action to provide them – and all the other species farmed for food – with housing systems that meet their complex welfare needs.

It is vital that political parties and electoral candidates in all 27 Member States take up the gauntlet and make the advancement of protection for animals a key priority for the 10th Parliamentary Term. This is why animal organisations throughout the Union are pushing hard to situate animal protection as an electoral issue, and developing policy asks that would meaningfully help to safeguard the welfare of animals in the EU. One such example is Humane Society International/Europe’s manifesto specifically crafted to assist policymakers in fostering a more compassionate and ethical society.

In its 2024-2029 term, the European Parliament must provide a strong political voice for voiceless animals, and exert pressure on President von der Leyen to deliver on this Commission’s unmet animal welfare commitments before the end of its mandate. At the same time, it must take steps to ensure that the successive Commission leadership pursues decisive policy action to better protect animals not just on farms, but also in laboratories and in the wild.  Action, not further deliberation, is the need of the moment, and the need of the future.

Source: Euractiv.com

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Hard-fought provision on the AI Act could become obsolete, experts say

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A key provision in the EU’s AI rulebook to assess the risks of foundation models such as ChatGPT may become obsolete within a year due to the pace of developing technologies, experts told Euractiv.

The EU’s AI Act is the world’s first comprehensive rulebook to regulate artificial intelligence. It does so based on its capacity to cause harm. After years of intense negotiations, it got the final stamp of approval by the European Parliament with an overwhelming majority on Wednesday (13 March).

The AI Act distinguishes the risks posed by foundation models based on the computing power used to train them. Foundation models, also called general-purpose AI, are particularly powerful due to their myriad uses.

The law defines a threshold of 10^25 floating point operations per second (FLOPs), a measurement of the performance of a computer. AI products that exceed this threshold are deemed to bring “systemic risk” and are regulated more stringently.

Technology outpaces regulation

However, Dragoş Tudorache, an MEP who acted as co-rapporteur on the file, said that the rules may soon become obsolete.

“By the time the rules for foundation models become applicable [12 months from now] either there will be four or five big models that will pass this threshold […] or a new leap in technology [will bring down the computational requirements for powerful foundation models],” he told Euractiv.

Right now, likely only Google’s Gemini and OpenAI’s latest ChatGPT models pass that threshold, Tudorache said.

In a separate interview with Euractiv, Oxford Internet Institute Professor of Technology and Regulation Sandra Wachter agreed with this assessment.

Recognizing the dizzying speed at which AI technology is developing, the AI Act comes with a certain amount of flexibility including when it comes to foundation models, said Tudorache.

The flops threshold “confuses compute with risk”, which are separate things, Wachter told Euractiv. Regardless of their size, these models have all sorts of risks around bias, misinformation, data protection and hallucinations, she said.

In the meantime, engineers in Silicon Valley and beyond are working to reduce the heavy computational lift, incentivised chiefly not by the AI Act, but by cost control.

Influential US venture capital firm a16z called the training of these models “one of the more computationally intensive tasks mankind has undertaken so far”. As such, companies are trying to bring down the massive costs associated with channelling that type of computing power.

The future of the threshold

The flops classification is considered only an initial step and can be reviewed by the Commission along with other definitions and categorisations of the AI Act. There is no pre-determined timeline for reviewing the flops criterion, it’s up to the Commission to do so through a delegated act.

However, the path to review will not be easy.

The inclusion of foundation models into the legislation was not initially envisioned, but became imperative with the explosion of ChatGPT in 2022. How to regulate them was a matter of tough contention, so much so that negotiations almost hit the brakes in November 2023 over this issue.

The part of the AI Act on foundation models “was a result of lobbying” and its impact is still unknown, Merve Hickok, president and research director of the Center for AI and Digital Policy, told Euractiv.

Source: Euractiv.com

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Hunter Biden, partners aided Chinese bid to corner nuclear energy market with U.S. tech, memos show

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While his father was still vice president, Hunter Biden and his business partners tried unsuccessfully to help a Chinese energy firm acquire one of the United States’ premier nuclear technology companies in a secret attempt to “control” the global market, according to new evidence turned over to Congress in President Joe Biden’s impeachment inquiry.

The evidence, which includes a detailed strategy memo, shows Hunter Biden was directly involved in emails and correspondence on the project in 2016 and that the goal was to exploit the future first son’s access to power and his family reputation to make Washington and Beijing comfortable with a potentially controversial deal and then to shield the acquisition of Westinghouse by China CEFC Energy behind intermediaries.

“In summary, utilising (sic) the U.S. face of Westinghouse, combined with the economic power of CEFC (China) is the perfect solution to control this global sector,” Hunter Biden partner James Gilliar wrote to CEFC in a strategy memo.

At the time, Westinghouse was U.S.-based but owned by Japan’s Toshiba and one of the darlings of the nuclear industry with its new AP1000 reactor, a smaller and more advanced power generator. But it privately was suffering financial strife due to cost delays and overruns at a planned nuclear power plant in Georgia that would eventually force the company to file for temporary bankruptcy protection.

Congressional investigators recently obtained new memos and testimony about the nature of the plan to help CEFC gain a larger foothold in the global nuclear energy market by acquiring Westinghouse. One of Hunter Biden’s former business partners, Rob Walker, told Congress the future first son was involved, providing a letter to make the Chinese comfortable with the plan.

Hunter Biden “had an interesting last name that would probably get people in the door,” Walker explained to lawmakers.

Hunter Biden’s association with CEFC dating to late 2015 has been well-known for years, including emails suggesting his father might get a 10% stake in the firm and testimony that Joe Biden met with the chairman of the Chinese company in early 2017 before nearly $8 million in money flowed from CEFC to companies tied to the Biden family.

But most of the evidence in public to date has focused on efforts by Hunter Biden and partners to help CEFC gain access to oil and gas assets and technology in the United States, including a liquid natural gas project in Louisiana known as Monkey Island.

The fact that Hunter Biden and his team were also working to affect a transfer of one of America’s premier nuclear energy tech companies to China has only recently come into clearer focus for investigators.

Lawmakers told Just the News that the story of CEFC fits a pattern that Hunter Biden was willing to take money from countries or companies adversarial to the United States, including helping them try to acquire prize assets like the Michigan-based Heninges firm that Just the News reported Hunter Biden helped sell to a Chinese firm tied to the People’s Liberation Army.

That transaction was deemed so sensitive – because Heninges produced windshield technology for U.S. fighter jets – it had to get special approval from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States during the Obama-Biden years.

“The Biden family was all about money,” Rep. Andy Biggs, R-Ariz., told the “John Solomon Reports” podcast. “There was no sense of of honor or no sense of protection to the country. It was protect the brand, which was the Biden name. Joe Biden.

He added: “I don’t know if I’ve ever seen grifters more than the Biden family.”

House Oversight Committee Chairman James Comer, who is leading the impeachment inquiry with House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jim Jordan and House Ways and Means Chairman Jason Smith, said Wednesday that the Biden family’s close and lucrative relationship with China leaves Americans wondering whether foreign policy decisions today are being influenced today by business ties from the past.

“We’re very concerned. And when you look at the Biden administration, there’s no question in my mind that they’ve had a soft on China policy,” Comer said on the “Just the News, No Noise” television show. “And there are certain policy decisions that this administration has made that are counter to what any American would want with respect to foreign policy relating to China.”

Some of the evidence about CEFC’s pursuit of Westinghouse was secured from the laptop that Hunter Biden abandoned at a Delaware computer repair shop and was later seized by the FBI in December 2019. The FBI shortly thereafter authenticated the laptop.

Gilliar and his partners, Hunter Biden and Walker, discussed in one email a “CEFC / [Westinghouse]” deal, though the contours of the proposed agreement were unclear in that correspondence.

“Good to see a couple of weeks ago, further to our discussions we have prepared a deck for my visit to CEFC board on Monday in Beijing, It has been made clear to me that CEFC wish to engage in further business relations with our group and we will present a few projects to them,” Gilliar wrote to Jim Bernhard of Bernhard Capital in February 2016.

“I attach [sic] the decks and a covering [sic] letter that lay out the principals as I see of a Westinghouse play, we have been a little presumptuous that you wish to be included, but we hope so ?” he added.

Gilliar also made clear that Hunter Biden was intimately familiar with the proposed deal. “P.S Im  [sic] sure H can give you the heads up on the play if you need more details,” Gilliar wrote.

Attached to the email were two documents. One was a signed cover letter marked to be sent to CEFC China Energy, the energy conglomerate that began courting Hunter Biden while his father was finishing his last term as vice president. Some of the earliest communications with CEFC uncovered by the House Oversight Committee date to late 2015.

The cover letter mentioned by Gilliar, obtained by Just the News, sheds light on the extent of the planned deal, clearly detailing the scope of the team’s plan for helping CEFC acquire Westinghouse. This included facilitating CEFC’s dominance of the Chinese and global nuclear energy market and masking the acquisition behind firms that wouldn’t raise alarms in western capitals.

The letter shows Gilliar and team believed CEFC was uniquely positioned to acquire from Toshiba an ownership stake in the American nuclear company due to the Japanese conglomerate’s “market weakness” and the “indecision of the Japanese Nuclear industry.”

Gilliar highlighted how the Chinese market was highly dependent on international support by companies that use Westinghouse technologies. Additionally, China still had restrictions on the technologies that it could export. “The original license agreement with Westinghouse was only domestic,” Gilliar pointed out.

Yet, Gilliar and his team saw an opportunity for CEFC to fill an important role in the Chinese domestic nuclear market and around the world through the acquisition, and in the process, liberate China from its dependence on foreign nuclear technology.

“[If] CEFC owned Westinghouse, it would mean that every export of product in the future from Chinese EPC companies or manufacturers would have to go through CEFC,” Gilliar concluded.

Gilliar also prepared a report – marked “highly confidential” – that detailed the significance of a CEFC acquisition of Westinghouse. Just the News obtained a copy of that report.

“Westinghouse retains all the intellectual property (IP) rights and licenses for the AP1000 and CAP1000”—two nuclear reactor designs. “The design and/or licensing of the AP1000 is the most widely used in the world. Nearly all Asian designs borrow from Westinghouse IP and licensing,” Gilliar explained.

The group also saw this as an opportunity to bring together U.S. and Chinese interests by maintaining Westinghouse as a U.S.-based corporation, despite their plans to acquire an ownership stake by CEFC.

“Secondly, the international Nuclear markets are still massively influenced by the U.S. administration through licensing, oversight and operational prospective, they have nearly total dominance. By owning Westinghouse and retaining its U.S. status, CEFC would be the commanding influence on all international programmes and would align the U.S., Chinese and target country interests,” Gilliar explained in the cover letter.

This sentiment was echoed by Gilliar in his nearly 60-page confidential report obtained by Just the News which he prepared to sell the Chinese on the acquisition play.

“Furthermore, because the AP1000 is a U.S. design, Westinghouse has significant lobbying power in Congress,” he said. The group could exploit this lobbying power to support China as a “new entrant to the nuclear power market,” according to the report.

The documents make clear the team’s ambitions were nothing short of achieving a commanding influence for CEFC over the global nuclear power plant sector. “In summary, utilising the U.S. face of Westinghouse, combined with the economic power of CEFC (China) is the perfect solution to control this global sector,” Gilliar wrote CEFC.

There was just one problem: “It would be highly unlikely that Toshiba would sell Westinghouse to Chinese or Korean interests, certainly not for an attractive price,” one memo stated.

But Gilliar proposed a solution for CEFC: his company—the European Energy and Infrastructure Group—and Bernhard Capital Partners would “implement an acquisition structure” that would “create the correct support in Washington that guarantees CEFC to receive the right support and U.S. promotes for its operations.”

This plan would place the appearance of a layer between CEFC—a China-based company with close connections to the ruling Chinese Communist Party and component of its national energy strategy—and the iconic U.S.-based energy company.

Neither Walker nor Hunter Biden’s lawyers responded to a request for comment from Just the News. James Gilliar was unable to be reached for comment.

Westinghouse did not immediately respond to a request for comment from Just the News on Wednesday afternoon.

About one month after the letter and report, the group around Hunter Biden planned to signal to CEFC its ability to “create the correct support in Washington” by touting the Biden name, which came with its own deep political connections.

In March 2016, the group drafted a letter to be sent to CEFC’s director, Zang Jianjun, on behalf of Hunter Biden, whose name was prominently displayed on the letterhead “R. Hunter Biden” along with a Washington, D.C. address which is situated nearly equidistant from his father’s then vice presidential residence at the Naval Observatory and his official offices in the White House complex.

This draft letter was previously released by the Oversight Committee, however, the new context of the proposed Westinghouse deal adds greater significance to the communication.

“I hope this letter finds you well. We anticipate working together on a number of opportunities in the US and abroad,” Hunter Biden wrote. “I believe we have presented a collection of projects that parallel the interests of you and your team and we look forward to discussing them in detail,” he continued.

To show how closely Hunter Biden and James Gilliar were aligned on the matters he had discussed with the company, he added: “As we await your next visit to the United States, please continue to coordinate all matters with my confidant and trusted advisor, James Gilliar.”

The other partner in the Biden group, Walker, told congressional investigators in his sworn testimony last month that the group used Hunter Biden’s letterhead as a “calling card” to signify who they represented.

“I think what is common with U.S. companies working with individuals abroad, those individuals tend to — they don’t — they aren’t taken seriously unless they have a calling card like this,” Walker said. “[This] is just normal, customary business practice.”

“But why use Hunter Biden to send the letter instead of Rob Walker or James Gilliar, especially if James Gilliar had the original relationship?” congressional investigators asked. “Hunter in our relationship was — everybody had different roles. He was the one that I imagine Zang would expect it to come from,” Walker answered.

Walker also told investigators the CEFC representative viewed the vice president’s son as the “principal” of the organization.

“I can’t answer for Zang, but sure, he had an interesting last name that would probably get people in the door,” Walker said of Hunter Biden.

In 2015, Hunter Biden’s company Bohai Harvest RST (BHR) was involved in facilitating the sale of a Michigan-based auto parts manufacturer—Henniges Automotive—to one of the primary military aircraft producers in China, the Aviation Industry Corporation of China or AVIC.

The 2015 acquisition and approval from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)—which reviews national security impacts of foreign investment—came a little more than a year after the the Obama Administration added AVIC to the Commerce Department blacklist because of Chinese aggression in the South China Sea, in part using AVIC-built military aircraft, Just the News previously reported.

The timing of the transaction raised conflict of interest concerns in Congress, considering AVIC’s smooth acquisition of the parts manufacturer whose technologies had military applications. Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, sent a letter in 2019 to then-Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin seeking records related to the CFIUS approval of the deal in light of his concerns.

Hunter Biden would also later work closely with a company which entertained purchasing fuel through Rosneft—the Russian state-owned oil company—at a time when CEFC China Energy was also exploring purchasing a stake in the Russian company.

According to emails obtained from Hunter Biden’s laptop, Hudson West III (HWIII), a joint venture established between Hunter Biden and CEFC, explored an agreement with Trade Group to import fuel to the United States purchased from Rosneft.

However, Hunter Biden expressed concerns about this plan, worried the transaction would be ensnared by U.S. sanctions on Russia. “I would like for us all to take a step back and get answers to questions that are bothering me. First and foremost is Roland’s seemingly unilateral and last-minute decision to purchase the fuel offshore through Roseneft. How did Roland acquire that relationship?” Biden asked his HWIII associates.

“As far as I know it’s not through us and until I see the necessary documentation from the US Department of Energy that states resellers can and do circumvent the sanctions on Russian oil and gas I want nothing to do with it,” he added.

Yet, at the same time that Biden expressed concerns about running afoul of Russian sanctions, his Chinese partner was exploring a purchase of a $9.1 billion stake in Rosneft. In fact, Hudson West III was formed on the same day CEFC announced its intent to buy the approximately 14% stake in the Russian-owned enterprise.

According to a Senate report, “On the same day that the impending Rosneft deal was announced, Hunter Biden and Gongwen Dong, a Chinese national who has reportedly executed transactions for limited liability companies controlled by Ye Jianming, applied to a bank and opened a line of credit under the business name Hudson West III LLC.”

Hudson West III LLC would be the primary vehicle that CEFC and its chairman, Ye Jianming, would use to transfer funds to the younger Biden, totaling at least $5 million from 2017-2019, according to the first son’s now-defunct plea agreement with the Justice Department for a failure to pay at least $1.4 million in income taxes.

Source: Justthenews.com

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Queen’s University, UBC, unveil C$2 million Don Lindsay Teck Award in mining engineering

Energy News Beat

 

​[[{“value”:”

Teck Resources (TSX: TECK.A and TECK.B, NYSE: TECK), The University of British Columbia (UBC) and Queen’s University announced Wednesday the Don Lindsay Teck Award in Mining Engineering, comprised of two C$1 million endowments that will generate annual scholarships for students in mining engineering at both universities.

The Don Lindsay Teck Award contributes C$1 million to each of Canada’s two largest mining schools: the Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering at UBC and the Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining at Smith Engineering at Queen’s. The endowments will generate annual renewable scholarships at each university, providing financial support for students pursuing mining studies.

The award, funded by Teck, was established in recognition of former CEO Don Lindsay’s contributions to the mining sector in Canada and internationally. During his 17-year tenure, Lindsay’s commitment to philanthropy and supporting the next generation of mining talent has left a mark on the mining sector.

The Mining Engineering award builds on the longstanding partnerships with the mining schools at UBC and Queen’s University, spanning decades and aligns with Teck’s commitment to increasing the pipeline of mining industry talent to strengthen the industry’s future.

“The Don Lindsay Teck Award in Mining Engineering will shape the next generation of mining engineers,” James Olson, Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science at UBC, said in a media statement. “UBC is building the mining industry of tomorrow, which will leverage critical minerals to solve climate change. We extend our deepest gratitude to Teck for this endowment, and its immeasurable impact on education and research at UBC Engineering.”

“The C$1 million endowment will have a profound impact on the heart of Queen’s University: its students,” added Kevin Deluzio, Dean, Smith Engineering at Queen’s University. “Our partnership with Teck over the years has enriched programs, provided employment opportunities, and supported research, contributing significantly to the educational experiences for our students.”

“}]] 

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